When you have braces, your mouth is full of all kinds of extra stuff that isn’t usually there. Especially in the beginning, those wires, brackets, and rubber bands can present real cleaning challenges. The extra gear causes food particles to get lodged in places that are difficult to reach, and it may also inhibit the body’s natural mouth-cleaning processes. As all Edmonton orthodontists will tell you, dental care is a high priority in general, but whenever you have braces, it’s important to put a little extra time and effort into the cleaning process.

The most common dental problem associated with braces is plaque build-up in areas that are hard to get to with a toothbrush. These areas can turn into bacteria breeding grounds, which leads to gum disease, painful swelling, and cavities.

If you have braces and have questions about keeping your mouth clean, Edmonton orthodontists are the best resources for clear, authoritative information. However, in case your next appointment isn’t for a while, here are some tips to help for good dental care with braces.

Frequency of brushing: Since lodged particles of food are the most frequent causes for tooth problems relating to braces, it’s essential to clean your teeth immediately after eating a meal. This prevents those food particles from getting too deeply lodged, and it harnesses the natural in-mouth digestive processes that occur after meals.

Also, it’s a good idea for anyone who has braces to carry some travel toothpaste and a toothbrush at all times, particularly to places like school and work. This way, you can brush after lunch breaks or any other meals that aren’t at home. Edmonton orthodontists can give the best advice for the types of toothpastes and brushes that are most effective for braces.

Brushing all the surfaces: When you don’t have braces, there are three primary surfaces to brush—the outside of the teeth, the inside, and the bottom surfaces of the back teeth. But with braces, there are many more surfaces, which makes the job much more difficult. Whenever you brush, make sure to get all those little extra surfaces that braces create. It may take twice as long, but the extra work is worth it.

Floss twice as much: When you have braces, flossing becomes twice as important. It’s also more challenging, but Edmonton orthodontists should be able to show you some good trick for flossing with braces. Also remember that it’s going to get easier with practice. It might be hard for a few weeks, but you’ll get the hang of it eventually.

Rinse very well: It’s important to flush the lingering food particles out of your mouth. To do so, use warm water to rinse thoroughly immediately after flossing and brushing. It can’t hurt to do a few rinsing cycles to make sure you get everything.

Rinse with mouthwash: For all those little impossible-to-reach nooks that are created by braces, mouthwash is the ideal tool. It floods all those little areas and attacks the bacteria and plaque. Do it twice a day, and rinse for over a minute in each session. Edmonton orthodontists have recommendations for the best types of mouthwashes to use when you have braces.

Due to rapidly advancing technology in the orthodontic field, your Edmonton orthodontist is now able to perform a broad array of procedures for the correction of adult malocclusions. In the past, such orthodontic issues could only be prevented, but doctors are getting better and better at correcting them after they have developed. As a result, adult orthodontic treatment is growing in popularity. Because this field is new in a lot of ways, it’s normal to have questions. While your Edmonton orthodontist should be a great source for answers, this basic information will give you a head start.

Why do people seek orthodontic treatment?

Everyone has malocclusions of one form or another, so these issues are not always detrimental to one’s looks. Even so, appearance is the most common reason why adults seek treatment for orthodontic issues. When a person has a misaligned bite, spaces between teeth, crookedness, or an unusual jaw shape, chances are that an Edmonton orthodontist can help with this issue.

However, looks aside, there are plenty of other good reasons for adults to have orthodontic treatment. For instance, when you have a misaligned jaw, it makes your chewing less effective, which can have negative effects on the digestion. Meanwhile, orthodontic problems can also lead to tooth and gum disease, as well as jaw pain. Your Edmonton orthodontist can help you with all of these issues.

Are there any roadblocks to adult orthodontic treatments?

There’s a good reason why the vast majority of orthodontic procedures are still performed on children. It’s due to the simple fact that kids’ jaws are still developing, so that orthodontists can use that natural development to gently and gradually guide a child’s jaw into a healthier alignment. When it comes to adults, there’s an obvious contrast. Adult jaws have already taken on their final form, which means that realignments must be done with a greater amount of force, sometimes over a longer period of time.

There are rare cases in which orthodontic treatment cannot help. For instance, when teeth have been broken or severely worn down, or if a jaw is misaligned due to broader features of the skull or spine, there is probably little that an Edmonton orthodontist can do. Meanwhile, there are other cases in which the patient may need extensive dental treatment before any orthodontic procedure can be performed.

What types of malocclusions can be treated?

For many types of malocclusions, your Edmonton orthodontist will use a combination of treatment methods, including extraction, replacement crowns, retainers, braces, tooth spacers, and implements to spread the upper or lower jaw. For more complicated types of surgeries, your doctor may refer you to other types of dental practitioners—such as prosthodontists or periodontists—for parts of the process.

The malocclusions that can be treated by orthodontists include spaces between teeth, overbite, underbite, tooth crowding, jaw protrusion, or any other type of common misalignment.

What can orthodontists do for painful jaws?

Some children who don’t get orthodontic care develop jaw pain later in life. In cases of mild pain, a simple nightguard can be used to keep the patient from grinding teeth or clenching during sleep. In more severe cases of jaw pain, surgery may be used to correct the jaw mechanics.

Before bringing your kids to dentists or orthodontists, Edmonton parents can give their children a great head start by making sure everyone in the household has good dental care habits. For many parents, this can be a challenge. It’s hard to get children to practice good dental care, especially when they’re too young to understand its importance. But because dental care is so essential for overall health, this is an area where parents can do their kids a favor by being stringent with the household rules.

Although it’s important to take your kids in for frequent check-ups with dentists and orthodontists, Edmonton parents should remember that the daily dental-care habits performed at home are the most important element of oral care. Unfortunately, getting kids to care for their teeth properly can be a challenge, but young minds soak up new information like little sponges, so it can’t hurt to at least try to impart these tips.

1. Beneficial brushing habits. As adults, we’ve been brushing for so many years that it’s almost impossible to understand what it’s like to be a child who’s learning it for the first time. It seems like a simple task, but there are actually good ways and bad ways to do it, and it’s important to develop good habits early in life. Here are the main things that everyone should do:

• Hold the tooth brush at a 45-degree angle and brush in quick, circular motions.
• Brush for at least two minutes, and do it 2 or 3 times a day, especially after meals. A stopwatch can be helpful for getting the timing right.
• Make sure to get all the surfaces—outside and inside, plus the molar chewing surfaces.
• Brushing too hard can cause tooth sensitivity and gum recession, so be gentle.
• Don’t forget the tongue and the roof of the mouth. It may feel a little funny, but it helps to swab away bacteria.

2. Floss every day: Flossing should be done once or twice a day. As all dentists and orthodontists (Edmonton or anywhere else) will tell you, there’s no age at which it’s too early for children to take up this habit. Like brushing, it’s quite easy to learn. Just pull the floss between your two teeth, and then drag it against the edge of each tooth. For people who are new to flossing (including children), it can be a difficult habit to learn, but once you get the hang of it, it becomes just as easy as brushing.

3. Cutting sugar: As most parents are well aware, sugar and starch can wreak havoc on teeth. That’s why, if you’re a parent of young children, it’s a good idea to limit their sugar intake. Things like sugary sodas and other empty-calorie beverages are out, as are sugary snacks in between meals. When dessert is a necessity, it’s best to have it right after dinner, and to brush immediately afterward. Studies have found that sugar leaves the mouth much more easily during and after mealtimes, so keep this in mind.

4. Begin check-ups early: Dentists recommend that kids should start getting check-ups as soon as the baby teeth begin to come in. After that, every 6 months or so is the optimal pace. Even when no obvious dental or orthodontic issues are present, prevention is a huge part of oral medicine, so it never hurts to have your dentist take a good look. If you haven’t yet found any dentists or orthodontists, Edmonton has numerous doctors who can be reached by Googling “Orthodontists Edmonton,” or you can also go to the Orthodontists Edmonton page of the Canadian Association of Orthodontics website.

Orthodontics is above all a preventive field of medicine. Over the last few decades, orthodontists have gotten much better at treating orthodontic problems after they’ve developed, but the field’s main focus is the diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions before they develop into significant problems. For this reason, children have traditionally been the primary recipients of orthodontic treatments. Kids’ teeth and jaws are still developing, and orthodontists can work to use a child’s growth as a driving force to help push the jaw into proper alignment.

Whenever you’re ready to begin discussing these issues with an orthodontist, Edmonton has many great practitioners who can talk you through orthodontic procedures. And if you don’t know an orthodontist, Edmonton has resources for finding one. For example, you can ask your dentist for a referral, or you can check the Orthodontist Edmonton section of the website for the Canadian Association of Orthodontics.

If you or your child has an orthodontic issue that needs treatment, these are some of the options that may come up.

Braces: Braces are the most common form of orthodontic treatment. They use metal connectors to hold the teeth in place and help the jaw to grow into a healthy and normal alignment. Braces treatments vary greatly in price and length, and they’re often thought of as the last resort for serious orthodontic issues. Your orthodontist Edmonton will be able to fill you in on the specifics.

Retainers: Retainers are essentially a milder form of braces. Unlike braces, they don’t stay in the mouth at all times. Rather, they are usually used only when the individual is sleeping. They apply gradual force to the teeth and jaw with the purpose of encouraging a better alignment.

Dental headgear: Like braces and retainers, dental headgear harnesses the force of the child’s natural growth to pressure the jaw into a new alignment. Most types of headgear have implements that attach to the forehead and jaw, with another element that is inserted in the mouth. Like retainers, they’re usually used only at night. Some types of headgear can be worn at other times, but these are generally detrimental to the child, particularly with regard to school and exercise.

Cross-bite appliances: Crossbite is what happens when the upper back teeth fit inside the lower ones. This generally causes chewing problems and thus should be corrected as early as possible. Your orthodontist Edmonton should be able to rig up a personalized device that can help spread the upper arch of the jaw, which will force the teeth into a normal alignment.

Space maintainers: When a child loses baby teeth, it can sometimes take months for the permanent teeth to begin to grow in. In some cases, crowding elsewhere in the jaw may cause existing permanent teeth to begin drifting over into that space. To prevent this from happening, your orthodontist Edmonton can place a temporary appliance in that space to make sure that the surrounding teeth stay in their proper spots.

Thumb sucking preventers: Finger and thumb sucking are among the most common causes for malocclusions in children. If you just can’t seem to get your child to break this habit, talk to your orthodontist about possible solutions. It may be possible to implant an in-mouth device to get your child to break this habit for good.

If you’re looking for Edmonton orthodontists who can work on your or your child’s orthodontic issues, you’ll probably hear the word “malocclusion.” In fact, malocclusions are the bread and butter of the orthodontic industry. They’re what orthodontists spend most of their time on, and the science of orthodontics is all about discovering new and better ways to treat malocclusions. If you want advanced details about how malocclusions work, Edmonton orthodontists are the best people to talk to. However, if you want a few basic facts before going to an appointment, here’s a simple introduction.

What’s a malocclusion?

The word itself has Latin roots—occludere, meaning “to close,” and “mal,” meaning “bad.” Put these two together, and you get “malocclusion,” meaning “bad closure.” Word origins aside, an orthodontic malocclusion is what happens when the jaw doesn’t close properly. There are many possible causes for this, including underbite, crossbite, overbite, or tooth crowding. Many malocclusions are not serious enough to warrant treatment from Edmonton orthodontists. However, some types can be quite serious, leading to chewing difficulties and gum decay. These are the malocclusions that call for early treatment.

How do malocclusions happen?

There are many things that contribute to malocclusions. Genetics play a role, but it can also come from bad chewing habits, environmental factors, and poor nutrition. One of the most common causes of malocclusions is the habit of sucking one’s fingers or thumbs. This can cause a child’s jaw to grow improperly, leading to one of many types of malocclusions. Although such issues generally develop among growing children, they can also happen due to habits or wear and tear in adults.

How Edmonton orthodontists assess malocclusions

Some malocclusions are so obvious that your dentist should be able to recognize a problem just by looking at it. In this case, your dentist will probably give you the names of Calgary orthodontists who can give a more definitive diagnosis. Other malocclusions can only be detected through X-rays or plaster impressions, which is why it’s a good idea to take children in for orthodontic check-ups at regular intervals.

How Edmonton orthodontists treat malocclusions

When it comes to dealing with malocclusions, there are three main categories of treatment:

1. Fixed mouth appliances: Usually braces, these are fixtures placed inside the mouth to help shift the jaw to a healthier and more normal alignment. Braces tend to work best in young people whose bone structures are still developing.
2. Removable appliances: The most common types of removable orthodontic appliances are retainers and headgear. These operate in a similar manner to braces, but they can be removed and are generally only used during sleep.
3. Surgery: For certain types of malocclusions, Edmonton orthodontists may perform one-time operations.

How are malocclusions prevented?

In general, malocclusions are easier to prevent than they are to fix, which is why orthodontics is by nature a preventative practice. It’s important to begin regular dental and orthodontic check-ups at a young age, and parents should also work to enforce good dental habits at home. Children should be discouraged from sucking thumbs or fingers, and they should be taught good brushing and flossing practices as early as possible.

If you or your child has either crooked teeth or a misaligned bite, it might be time to ask your dentist to recommend an Edmonton orthodontist. Orthodontists are dentists who are specially trained to diagnose and treat problems relating to irregularities in tooth or jaw alignment. There are many types of operations and procedures that a Edmonton orthodontist can perform, but braces are the most effective way to treat most types of alignment issues. In case you think braces might be needed, here’s some basic information that might be useful.

What do braces do?

Of course, your Edmonton orthodontist will be the best source for detailed information about how braces work, but here’s a basic explanation: Braces apply gentle, continuous pressure over months or years to gradually move teeth into a more normal alignment. There are many parts that make up different types of braces, but these are the most common components:

• brackets, the square or rectangular pieces that apply pressure directly to the teeth;
• bands, which hold the brackets in place;
• spacers, the elements that fit between the brackets and make sure the spacing is correct;
• and rubber bands, which may be attached in several different spots to help keep the braces together while applying extra pressure.

What happens after the braces are placed?

Braces treatments can range anywhere from a few months to a few years, but the average is somewhere between 1 and 3 years. Your Edmonton orthodontist will recommend regular check-ups during this period, as it’s important for him or her to make sure that the alignment adjustments are happening as planned.

Do braces hurt?

It’s not uncommon for the patient to experience some minor aches and pains in the days immediately following placement or adjustments to the braces. The pain shouldn’t be serious enough to warrant anything more than over-the-counter pain relievers. In the event that a pain becomes severe or lasts for longer than a few days, it’s a good idea to call your Edmonton orthodontist to see what he or she thinks.

What happens when the braces treatment is over?

The removal of braces is usually a relatively quick and painless procedure. Your Edmonton orthodontist will want to take X-rays and run a series of tests to make sure that all the adjustments are as they should be, and your orthodontist or your dentist will also work with you to correct any discolorations that may have resulted from the braces.

Once the braces are off, it’s common for patients to have their wisdom teeth removed. If the wisdom teeth haven’t grown in yet, it’s important to monitor their growth and have them removed as early as possible. Most patients will also be fitted for retainers that will be worn to bed for approximately 6 months.

What is the cost of braces?

Only your Edmonton orthodontist can give you a truly accurate figure for what you can expect the braces to cost. However, in general, they range from $2,000 to $6,000, depending upon a number of factors that include:

• the length of the braces treatment;
• the type of braces that are required;
• the seriousness of the dental problem;
• any operations or other treatments that are needed;
• the experience and location of the orthodontist.

Are you looking for orthodontists? Edmonton has a great selection of licensed orthodontists who can diagnose and treat any tooth or jaw alignment problem you or your child may have. Although your family dentist should be able to refer you to some local orthodontists, Edmonton also has plenty of other resources to help put you in touch with someone who can help you. One way to locate an orthodontist is to go to the website of the Canadian Association of Orthodontists and navigate to the Orthodontists Edmonton section, where you will find a full list of local professionals. You can also find some other great local resources by doing a Google search for “Orthodontists Edmonton.”

If you or your child having is an orthodontic problem, the issue probably falls into one of a few main categories. Here are the most common issues that orthodontists see.

Underbite

Underbite is normal for a small percentage of the population. It’s what happens when the lower jaw is wider or more elongated than the upper one, causing the lower teeth to protrude further than the top teeth. It’s not always a problem, but underbite is sometimes associated with more serious orthodontic issues, so it’s a good idea to monitor the situation, especially in a growing child.

Overjet

Also known as overbite or simply “protruding upper teeth,” overjet is the name for a jaw alignment in which the top teeth protrude more than is normal. It’s often the result of misalignment toward the back of the jaw in the area of the molars. It often results from thumb or finger sucking, but this isn’t always the case.

Crossbite

When the front teeth are in normal alignment while the lower back teeth are inside the upper ones, this is known as crossbite. It tends to result from unusual chewing habits in children, and it is considered to be easy to treat when it is detected early in life.

Spacing

Spacing between teeth results from teeth being too small or the jaw arch being too wide. When spaces are large, it can result in difficulty chewing and a high risk of gum disease. Small spaces can be corrected, but they’re usually not considered by orthodontists to be serious.

Open bite

When there’s a gap between the lower and upper teeth when the individual bites down, it’s known as open bite. People with an open bite usually heavily favor their back teeth when chewing, which can result in significant damage to the molars in addition to digestive problems from underchewing food.

Deep overbite

When the lower teeth are so far behind the upper teeth that they dig into the gums, it’s known as a deep overbite. This condition can be quite painful, and it often causes considerable damage to the bones and gums.

Crowding

When some of the teeth are too large or the dental arch is very small, it often results in crowding. This can lead to impacted teeth (i.e., teeth that fail to grown in), teeth growing in front of or being each other, or poor jaw alignment.

If you suspect that your child is experiencing any of these problems, it might be time to begin looking for orthodontists. Edmonton has many licensed practitioners who can take a look at the issue and talk with you about the best corrective action to take.

If you think that your child may need an orthodontist, Edmonton has numerous licensed orthodontists who can address issues relating to teeth or jaw misalignment. For people of all ages, braces are among the best ways to deal with teeth that don’t grow in correctly or jaws that are out of line. If you talk to your family dentist, he or she should be able to assess whether orthodontic care is needed. In the event that your dentist is unable to recommend a specific orthodontist, Edmonton has many other resources you can use to find a practitioner who is right for you.

Who can perform braces procedures?

Any orthodontist is qualified to work with braces. To become an orthodontist, one goes through standard dental training followed by a special two-year orthodontics training program. In other words, orthodontists are dentists with special qualifications.

How can I find an orthodontist?

One way to find orthodontists in the area is to do a Google search for “Orthodontist Edmonton.” However, it’s sometimes easier to go through the Canadian Association of Orthodontics website. Click on the “Find an Orthodontist” button, and then navigate to the Orthodontist Edmonton section. You can also simply enter your postal code to find the practitioners who are closest to you.

Why are braces important?

Braces can fix misaligned jaws, which helps the individual feel better about his or her appearance. They also help prevent things like gum disease and tooth decay, and they’re even beneficial in promoting healthy digestion. Even so, not getting braces is not life threatening, so it is an elective procedure.

What are the signs that braces are necessary?

If your child shows any of these symptoms, you might want to see an orthodontist:

• jaw noises
• significant spaces in between teeth
• strange or unusual tooth position after tooth loss
• teeth out of position or crowding each other
• frequent cheek biting
• difficulty biting, chewing, or swallowing
• severe under- or over-bite or a bite that’s off center
• teeth severely out of proportion with others
• teeth growing in behind others
• a too-prominent or weak chin

What causes tooth and jaw alignment problems?

Heredity can play a large role in guiding how teeth grow in, but other factors can be equally important—including childhood gum disease, poor toothbrushing habits, finger sucking, pacifier sucking, and premature tooth loss.

When do children need orthodontic consultations?

Even if your child is not exhibiting any signs of serious alignment issues, it’s beneficial to seek a consultation when the child is older than 2 or 3 and under the age of 7. Orthopedic procedures are largely about prevention, so it’s best to catch things as early as possible, long before they develop into serious problems.

What do braces do?

If you want a full, authoritative description of how braces work, the best thing to do is to hear it straight from one of the practitioners in the Orthodontist Edmonton section of the Canadian Association of Orthodontics website. However, to put it simply, braces use wire threads, brackets, and rubber bands to apply continuous, gentle pressure to guide the teeth into an ideal position. In general, this process takes months or years, so it’s best to go in for check-ups on a regular basis.

If you’re going in for an orthodontic consultation for you or your child, you may want to compile a list of questions beforehand. All Edmonton orthodontists are pleased to answer questions from patients and parents, and doing so is a great way for you to feel secure as the procedure date approaches. However, coming up with the right questions to ask is not always easy, especially if you’ve never had an orthodontic procedure before. To help you get started, here are the most common questions that Edmonton Orthodontists receive during consultations.

1. Is the fee fixed and all inclusive? For any type of medical procedure, it’s not uncommon for unexpected fees to arise. That’s why it’s a good idea to ask about what you might expect to pay in addition to the quoted rate. In other cases, there are certain situations that may cause the fee to go up. Edmonton orthodontists can’t always foresee these things, but it can’t hurt to ask.

2. Is the orthodontist educated and certified? It’s not disrespectful to ask this question. Think of it as just part of the process. In the end, it will make you feel better to be 100% certain that the orthodontist is experienced and trustworthy.

3. Are there any alternatives to this procedures? Most Edmonton orthodontists will strongly suggest specific procedures for certain ailments, but this doesn’t mean that there are no alternatives. Ask your orthodontist what other operations may achieve the same objectives, and find out the pros and cons of all choices.

4. Will there be pain? As skilled as Edmonton orthodontists are, there are practically no procedures that don’t come with any pain whatsoever. Ask about whether you can expect to feel pain during the operation, and find out what anesthetic, if any, will be used. Also, ask about post-operation pain.

5. What about side effects? Every procedure, large or small, comes with side effects. It’s essential to have a clear idea of what you can expect, so that none of the side effects cause alarm. Try to get a good sense of exactly which effects you may experience.

6. Would there be a better time? For many types of procedures, especially when it comes to children, there are certain windows of time when the operation can have the greatest effects. Make sure that now is the right time.

7. How long will it take? It’s nice to have accurate expectations for how long the procedure should take. This way, you can prepare yourself mentally for either a short operation or a longer one.

8. Who will be assisting? Most Edmonton orthodontists have a staff of reliable dental assistants to help with all procedures. Find out about what types of training and experience the assistants have, and ask about the functions they’ll perform.

9. Are there emergency procedures in place? Problems rarely occur during orthodontic procedures, but there should always be procedures in place in case something does happen.

10. What about afterward? In all likelihood, you will be asked to take certain precautions after the surgery is over. Edmonton orthodontists should be able to advise you regarding what you can expect after the type of procedure you need.

Over the last several years, major developments in orthodontic surgery technology have greatly expanded the range of available orthodontic procedures. While some of the old surgeries have become cheaper and safer, countless new procedures have now entered the realm of possibility for trained orthodontists. So, whether you need a standard orthodontic procedure or are thinking about undergoing one of the more high tech ones, it’s essential to find an Edmonton orthodontist who is experienced and up-to-date with the latest technologies relating to the work that you need. Before making that phone call, here’s what you need to know.

What do orthodontists do?

Everyone has heard of orthodontists, and we all have at least a vague sense of what they do, but few outside of dentistry are familiar with the exact types of work that orthodontists are specifically qualified for.

To put it simply, orthodontists are dentists specially trained to diagnose and fix problems that relate to misaligned jaws and teeth. In addition to standard dentistry degrees, they typically receive an extra two years of training for a special orthodontist license, which in Canada is certified by the Canadian Association of Orthodontists. So, while every Edmonton orthodontist is qualified to do standard dentistry work, most focus primarily on orthodontic procedures.

Historically, orthodontists have primarily focused on children—specifically, working to diagnose and treat jaw and tooth alignment issues before they become serious problems. However, it has recently become much more common for adults to seek orthodontic procedures, especially for the application of things like teeth aligners, porcelain veneers, and adult braces.

What do to before calling an Edmonton orthodontist

Before going in for a consultation with an Edmonton orthodontist, you might want to take these steps:

• Make a list of local orthodontists who are certified by the Canadian Association of Orthodontists. The organization keeps an online database that is accessible to everyone.
• As your general dentist whether he or she can recommend a good orthodontist. In fact, for jaw and tooth issues in general, your dentist is a good source to go to before seeing anyone else.
• It also may help to ask friends, colleagues, and neighbors whether they have worked with any great orthodontists.

Questions for your Edmonton orthodontist

When you go to your consultation, your orthodontist will probably want to do a quick visual assessment of your teeth and jaw, and he or she will probably have some questions about your goals and concerns. During the meeting, it’s also a good idea to ask any questions that you have on your mind. If you need some ideas, consider asking your Edmonton orthodontist these questions:

• How long will the procedure take, and will there be any pain?
• How long has the orthodontist been working?
• What types of painkillers, if any, will be used?
• How heavy is his or her workload?
• Will there be anybody assisting in the procedure? If so, what type of training will they have?
• Are there any alternative treatments?
• Does the office have any standard procedures for emergencies?
• Does the orthodontist offer financing options?